Bruise-proofing the line: The 12 impact points to fix before peak shipping of potatoes
By late winter, many potato operations are moving larger volumes under tighter timelines. That pressure often exposes the weakest part of a storage program: the handling line. Months of careful temperature and moisture management can be undone in a single shift if tubers are moved too cold, dropped too far, accelerated too fast, or forced through high-impact transitions.
This article continues Potato News Today’s Storage Season Essentials series with a direct operational focus: where bruises are created on the line, how to find those points quickly, and what practical changes reduce damage without major capital upgrades.
Read the full article on our website here.
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From storage to shipping: The late-winter handling playbook that prevents bruising, blackspot, and claims
Late winter is the point in the storage season where a lot of good work can be undone quickly. For months, managers fight for uniform temperatures, steady airflow, controlled moisture, and calm biological behaviour. Then shipping pressure ramps up, doors start opening more often, conveyors start running, and the pile transitions from “stored product” to “handled product.”
That transition is where bruising, blackspot, shatter bruising, skinning, and handling-related defects often take hold – sometimes invisibly at first. By the time a receiver flags a load or a customer complaint arrives, the damage is already done.
This article follows the airflow and warm-spell pieces by focusing on what happens when potatoes start moving again: how to warm, move, and load tubers without creating preventable quality losses and claims.
Read the full article on our website here.
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Airflow reality checks in potato storages: Finding dead zones before rot finds them
Potato storage problems rarely begin as dramatic events. More often, they begin as uneven airflow – a quiet shift that creates pockets of warmer tubers, higher respiration, localized moisture movement, and ultimately the conditions where breakdown accelerates.
Early in the season, some facilities can “get away with” imperfect airflow because the system is still transitioning. By late winter, that margin narrows. If air is short-circuiting, if a plenum is unbalanced, if one wall zone is starved, or if resistance has changed across part of the pile, dead zones form – and dead zones are where rot risk tends to concentrate.
What follows is a practical storage-floor playbook for identifying airflow trouble before it becomes a late-season quality story.
Read the full article on our website here.
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Late-winter warm spells in potato storage: A dew point decision-making playbook for ventilation and condensation prevention
Potato storages don’t usually get into trouble during steady cold weather. They get into trouble when winter stops behaving like winter – a warm spell rolls in, outside air turns damp, and a cold pile meets air that wants to drop water.
That’s when “routine ventilation” can quietly trigger condensation events that set the stage for rot flare-ups, odour issues, CO₂ creep in weak zones, and a stressful shipping season.
What follows is a late-winter dew point decision-making playbook – designed to help storage managers ventilate through warm spells without “sweating” the pile or the building.
Read the full article on our website here.
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Mid-season storage health check: The 60-minute weekly audit that prevents late-season surprises
Potato storages rarely fail all at once. More often, they drift – quietly – until the first rejection, the first hotspot, the first “odd smell,” or the first weight-loss surprise turns a manageable season into a daily firefight.
The purpose here is straightforward: take what you’re already measuring and turn it into a weekly routine that catches problems early enough to fix them calmly.
By late January into February, many of the biggest risks are no longer about “getting into storage.” They’re about maintaining control through weather swings, respiration changes, and the slow emergence of weak zones.
Read the full article on our website here.
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The storage baseline that saves crops: 10 measurements every potato facility should track mid-season
Potato storage is rarely, if ever, “set it and forget it.” In the northern hemisphere, the heart of the storage season is when small, repeated decisions – often made under time pressure – quietly determine whether a crop ships smoothly in late winter and spring, or unravels into shrink, rot, bruising, and costly surprises.
A recurring problem across the industry is not a lack of effort or experience – it’s signal-to-noise. Many facilities track too little, track inconsistently, or track data that never gets translated into clear operating decisions. When that happens, a storage becomes reactive by default: managers respond to symptoms rather than steering the system based on early warnings.
This article is designed to reduce that guesswork. The author provides ten measurements that – taken together – operate like a practical early-warning system. They work whether you’re running a sophisticated automated system or a more basic storage with handheld tools and hard-earned intuition. The common thread is discipline: consistent measurement locations, consistent timing, and consistent interpretation.
Read the full article on our website here.
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‘The Future of Potato Storage’ – Advances in ventilation, energy efficiency, and storage automation
Potato storage is entering a period of unprecedented transformation. What was once viewed as a largely passive phase in the production cycle—merely keeping tubers cool and dry—has emerged as a dynamic, highly strategic part of the supply chain. Today, storage decisions are no longer made by feel or by the calendar alone; instead, they’re increasingly driven by real-time data, precision controls, and predictive analytics. In the face of climate volatility, energy cost pressures, labor shortages, and tighter quality standards, efficient and intelligent storage has become not just an operational necessity, but a competitive differentiator.
This evolution is being shaped by a convergence of technologies: adaptive ventilation systems, energy-efficient infrastructure, automation platforms, and AI-powered monitoring tools. At the same time, growers and storage managers are being called upon to rethink long-standing practices, adopt a systems approach to post-harvest handling, and navigate a future where “good enough” is no longer sufficient.
Read the full article on our website here.
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Toward climate-smart storage: NAPSO explores implications of landmark U.S. cooling legislation for the potato industry
NAPSO Leads Dialogue on U.S. Cooling Legislation’s Impact on Potato Storage Sustainability
The North America Potato Storage Organization (NAPSO) hosted John W.S. Dunmore of the BPIA to discuss the implications of the U.S. AIM Act of 2020, which mandates an 85% phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by 2036. This landmark legislation impacts refrigeration-dependent industries, including potato storage facilities. Dunmore emphasized the need for industry-wide awareness and strategic planning to transition toward climate-friendly alternatives. He urged collaboration among growers, storage operators, and regulators to ensure smooth adaptation. With new EPA rulemakings underway, the Act signals a transformative shift in storage infrastructure. NAPSO’s engagement highlights the importance of proactive leadership in a rapidly evolving regulatory landscape.
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Sustainable Potato Storage: Balancing Efficiency, Waste Reduction, and Environmental Responsibility
The global potato storage sector is transforming to meet urgent sustainability demands by reducing energy use, minimizing food waste, and adopting eco-friendly technologies. Facilities are investing in renewable energy, AI-driven climate control, and advanced insulation to cut carbon emissions and improve efficiency. Non-chemical sprout inhibitors and integrated pest management are replacing banned chemicals like CIPC. Circular economy strategies repurpose waste, while climate adaptation efforts tackle rising temperatures and humidity. Innovations in water conservation and green infrastructure are also gaining traction. Together, these measures ensure that modern potato storage remains profitable, environmentally responsible, and resilient in a climate-constrained future.
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Ensuring Seed Potato Quality: Best Practices for Shipping, Handling, and Preparation
Insights from NAPSO Webinar #3 with Dr. Kasia Duellman
In NAPSO Webinar #3, Dr. Kasia Duellman of the University of Idaho emphasized that seed potato quality depends on careful storage, handling, and preparation. Key practices include gradual temperature changes, proper ventilation, gentle shipping, and timely wound healing. Physiological age—not just time since harvest—affects emergence and yield. Dr. Duellman also covered best practices for cutting and treating seed, recommending fungicides for disease prevention. Proper planting conditions further optimize seed performance. By managing each step—from storage to field—growers can reduce losses, improve crop vigor, and enhance profitability.
The full webinar and presentation are available via the NAPSO website here.
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Best Practices for Receiving, Handling, and Storing Seed Potatoes: Insights from NAPSO Webinar with James Alford
The North American Potato Storage Organization (NAPSO) continues to provide growers with critical knowledge on optimizing seed potato storage and handling. In its latest webinar, “Storing for Success: Protecting Potato Seed & Preventing Disease,” industry expert James Alford, owner of Alford Custom Ag/Premier Seed LLC, shared valuable insights on best practices for receiving, handling, and storing seed potatoes. Based in Pasco, WA, his company owns and operates nearly 200,000 tons of potato and onion storage.
With over two decades of experience in potato production, storage, and seed cutting, Alford emphasized the importance of proper seed handling protocols to preserve quality, reduce losses, and ensure strong plant performance. His presentation offered a practical guide for growers and storage managers to minimize risks associated with bruising, disease, and improper environmental conditions.
The First Step: Properly Receiving and Inspecting Seed
The foundation of a successful storage season begins the moment seed potatoes arrive at a facility. According to James Alford, careful inspection at receiving is essential to prevent issues from spreading through an entire storage lot.
Before unloading, it is critical to inspect seed shipments for signs of damage, disease, and contamination. Seed loads should be carefully examined for frost injury, mechanical damage, sprouting, and the presence of rots such as Fusarium dry rot, pink rot, and soft rot. Any debris or foreign material, such as rocks or soil clumps, should also be removed before storage.
Temperature checks are another crucial step in receiving. Alford stressed that knowing the current soil temperatures and understanding airflow requirements can help in determining the best approach for handling and storing incoming seed.
Proper documentation, including traceability paperwork, should always be verified upon arrival.
Failure to conduct thorough inspections can result in significant storage losses and reduced seed viability, making this one of the most critical steps in the process.
The Keys to Safe Handling and Storage
Once received, seed potatoes must be handled with extreme care to minimize bruising and maintain their physiological integrity. Bruising can significantly impact seed performance, leading to increased respiration, faster aging, and greater susceptibility to disease.
Credit James Alford
Alford emphasized several key handling practices:
- Minimize drops during unloading and conveying to prevent internal bruising. Even a short drop of six inches can lead to yield losses.
- Ensure high humidity levels—preferably around 90 percent or higher—to prevent excessive moisture loss and stress on tubers.
- Maintain consistent airflow to reduce condensation and oxygenate the pile, which helps control the spread of disease.
- Regularly monitor for rot and temperature fluctuations, adjusting ventilation and environmental conditions as needed.
- Proper airflow is essential for preventing temperature spikes, condensation, and disease spread. Alford pointed out that poor airflow management can lead to serious problems, including cold injury, uneven drying, and increased rot development.
Suberization: Promoting Wound Healing for Long-Term Viability
One of the most important steps in seed potato handling is suberization, or wound healing, which protects tubers from infections after handling and cutting. Alford detailed the ideal conditions for suberization to ensure effective healing before planting.
The recommended suberization process involves:
- Holding seed at 47-55°F for 10 to 14 days (longer in colder conditions).
- Ensuring proper air circulation while avoiding excessive airflow, which can lead to dehydration.
- Avoiding temperatures above 60°F, as this can cause excessive sprouting and increased disease risk.
- Alford explained that improper suberization can lead to Fusarium dry rot and soft rot, significantly impacting seed performance. This is why it is crucial to provide the right balance of temperature, humidity, and ventilation throughout the process.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting in Seed Storage
Even with the best handling and storage practices, seed potatoes remain vulnerable to a range of potential issues. Alford outlined some of the most common challenges growers face and offered strategies to mitigate them.
- Fusarium Dry Rot – One of the most significant seed-borne diseases, Fusarium dry rot thrives in bruised and damaged tubers. Preventative measures include proper suberization, minimizing physical damage, and applying appropriate fungicide treatments when needed.
- Soft Rot – Excessive moisture and poor ventilation can lead to bacterial soft rot outbreaks. The key to managing this issue is improving airflow, reducing temperature fluctuations, and ensuring rapid wound healing after cutting.
- Silver Scurf – Prolonged storage under high humidity conditions can encourage silver scurf, a fungal disease that causes skin blemishes and can impact tuber quality. Alford advised maintaining balanced humidity levels and proper airflow to limit disease spread.
- Cold Injury – Seed potatoes should not be exposed to temperatures below 38°F, as this can lead to chilling injury, which affects sprouting and plant vigor.
Alford emphasized that routine monitoring, preventive sanitation, and environmental controls are key to keeping storage conditions stable and reducing the risk of these issues.
Building Disinfection and Sanitation Protocols
Proper cleaning and sanitation of storage facilities play a crucial role in preventing the spread of seed-borne pathogens. Alford recommended a strict disinfection routine to ensure that new seed is not exposed to residual contamination from previous storage seasons.
The cleaning process should begin with high-pressure washing to remove debris, followed by the application of approved disinfectants such as Jet-Ag or PQ-80.
Storage areas must be completely dried before loading new seed. Ongoing maintenance and sanitation throughout the season help keep facilities disease-free.
Final Takeaways: Strengthening Storage Practices for a Better Growing Season
James Alford’s presentation reinforced the importance of proper receiving, handling, and storage techniques in ensuring high-quality seed potatoes. By implementing best practices—careful inspection, gentle handling, effective suberization, and strict environmental controls—growers can protect seed viability and optimize their storage operations.
With continued advancements in seed storage technology and research-driven practices, NAPSO remains dedicated to providing valuable knowledge to North American potato producers.
The next NAPSO webinar, scheduled between March and June, will focus on long-term storage strategies to manage shrink, disease, and storage efficiency. Additionally, the PAA Symposium in Madison, Wisconsin, on June 21, 2025, will feature expert discussions on storage management, disease control, and innovations in storage facility engineering. For more information, visit NAPSO’s website and stay informed on the latest best practices for seed potato management.
Contact:
James can be reached at james@alfordfarms.com. Feel free to connect with him if you have any questions and he will be happy to respond.
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Application of Peracetic Acid (PAA) in Potato Storage Disease Management: Insights from Dr. Vijay Choppakatla
On November 4, 2024, during the “Potato Storage: The First 45 Days” webinar hosted by the North American Potato Storage Organization (NAPSO), Dr. Vijay K. Choppakatla, Director of Research and Development at BioSafe Systems, delivered a detailed presentation on the use of Peracetic Acid (PAA) in managing potato storage diseases.
This article provides a comprehensive summary of the key points Dr. Choppakatla shared regarding PAA’s effectiveness in preventing and controlling storage diseases.
Storage Diseases and the Challenge of Prevention
Dr. Choppakatla began by highlighting the significant annual losses in the U.S. potato industry due to storage diseases. The primary storage diseases impacting potatoes include:
- Late Blight
- Pink Rot
- Pythium Leak
- Fusarium Dry Rot
- Silver Scurf
- Soft Rot
These diseases are caused by a variety of pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, each requiring distinct control measures. Many of these pathogens can also be carried over from the field, complicating disease management once the potatoes are stored.
The best strategy for managing these diseases is prevention, which starts in the field and continues with proper handling before potatoes are placed in storage. Dr. Choppakatla emphasized the importance of cultural, biological, and chemical control practices in reducing pathogen pressure before harvest. Additionally, surface disinfection of storage facilities and equipment, as well as treatment of tubers with chemical and biological agents prior to storage, are crucial steps.
Peracetic Acid: A Powerful Tool for Disease Control
Dr. Choppakatla introduced Peracetic Acid (PAA), a powerful disinfectant and disease management tool. PAA is formed by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) with acetic acid, creating an equilibrium compound with oxidizing properties. These properties make PAA highly effective in killing bacterial and fungal pathogens, as it disrupts their cellular structures, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
PAA is available in various compositions, with common products like StorOx 2.0 (2.0% PAA) and SaniDate 5.0 (5.3% PAA), both of which are effective in managing potato storage diseases. PAA-based solutions are clear, colorless liquids with a vinegar-like odor and are stable at ambient storage temperatures for up to two years, depending on the composition and storage conditions. Importantly, PAA products are approved for use in organic production when concentrations are below 6.0%. All PAA formulations also contain Hydrogen Peroxide as a secondary active ingredient.
PAA’s Role in Potato Storage
PAA can be used in several ways to mitigate storage diseases in potatoes:
- Facility and Equipment Disinfection
Dr. Choppakatla outlined guidelines for disinfecting storage structures, equipment, and conveyors with PAA. This involves cleaning surfaces to remove organic material, followed by the application of PAA solutions (ranging from 230 PPM to 1000 PPM) with a minimum contact time of 10 minutes. A potable water rinse is required before resuming operations. - Bin Piler Spray Application
One of the most effective applications of PAA in potato storage is as a pre-storage treatment for the potatoes. A low-volume spray of PAA solution is applied to the tubers via a spray bar positioned at the top of the conveyor belt. This treatment helps reduce the likelihood of spoilage and decay from storage pathogens, such as Fusarium Dry Rot, Silver Scurf, Pink Rot, and Pythium Leak. Dr. Choppakatla advised that no rinsing should occur after the PAA application to maintain effectiveness. - Fogging in Storage
Another method for managing disease during storage is fogging. Dr. Choppakatla explained that PAA fogging, either thermal or cold, can be used within storage facilities to reduce spoilage. Fogging should occur immediately after potatoes enter storage and be repeated once a month. It is important to cover sensitive equipment, such as control panels and fan motors, to prevent corrosion during the fogging process. The recommended application rate ranges from 0.0009 to 0.0036 lbs of PAA per ton of potatoes.
For thermal fogging, Dr. Choppakatla recommended using an electric thermal fogger at temperatures ranging between 250-450°F, avoiding higher temperatures to prevent excessive CO2 buildup. Cold fogging is also effective in maintaining long-term preventative treatment by ensuring proper humidity levels in the storage environment.
Effectiveness of PAA Against Pathogens
Several studies were referenced by Dr. Choppakatla, demonstrating the effectiveness of PAA in reducing the incidence of various potato tuber diseases. For example, in a study on Fusarium Dry Rot (UWI, 2021), tubers treated with PAA exhibited significantly lower disease severity and incidence compared to untreated tubers. Similar results were observed with Soft Rot (MSU, 2014) and Pink Rot (MSU, 2011), Silver Scurf (Potato Development Centre, NB Dept. Ag, 2010; E.S. Cropconsult Ltd. 2013) where PAA treatments dramatically reduced the occurrence of these diseases.
Chemical Compatibility and Best Practices
Dr. Choppakatla also addressed the compatibility of PAA with other chemicals and products used in potato storage management. He cautioned against mixing PAA with certain pesticides and biopesticides, particularly those containing metal ions, as these can react with PAA. It is advisable to consult the manufacturer’s compatibility charts before tank mixing PAA with other products.
Furthermore, Dr. Choppakatla emphasized the importance of ensuring that surfaces and materials used in storage facilities are compatible with PAA. While PAA is generally safe for use on stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, wood, and concrete, it may cause corrosion when used on metals like copper, brass, or galvanized steel.
Conclusion: The Versatility of PAA
In closing, Dr. Choppakatla reinforced that preventative control measures are vital for successful potato storage disease management. He summarized that PAA is a versatile microbicide with broad-spectrum applications in disinfection and disease management, capable of being integrated safely with other chemical and biological control measures. However, he stressed the importance of adhering to best practices, including proper application techniques and ensuring material compatibility, to optimize PAA’s effectiveness in potato storage management.
Dr. Choppakatla’s presentation highlighted the crucial role that PAA can play in enhancing potato storage practices and reducing disease-related losses, providing potato producers with a valuable tool for maintaining crop quality throughout the storage period.
For more detailed information or inquiries, Dr. Choppakatla can be contacted at vijayc@BioSafeSystems.com.
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Unlocking potato storage success: Key solutions for sprout management
On November 4, 2024, the North American Potato Storage Organization (NAPSO) held an informative webinar titled “Potato Storage: The First 45 Days,” featuring Eric Evans, President of Agri-Stor. With over 30 years of experience in sales and service for post-harvest storage solutions, Evans shared valuable insights on effectively managing potato sprouting—a crucial factor in maintaining the quality and marketability of stored potatoes.
CIPC: The Go-To Sprout Inhibitor
Understanding CIPC
Chlorpropham, commonly known as CIPC, is a trusted sprout inhibitor. As Evans aptly put it, “CIPC is the most commonly used sprout inhibitor out there.”
This powerful tool works by inhibiting cell division, preventing those pesky sprouts from emerging. However, a vital piece of advice from Evans is to avoid applying CIPC to seed potatoes or in storages where seed potatoes are present.
When and How to Apply
Timing is everything with CIPC. Evans recommends applying it “as soon as possible after suberization.”
This is the stage when potatoes develop a protective skin after being harvested. The label application rate is one pound of CIPC for every 600 cwt of potatoes.
Managing Re-treatments: What to Expect
Evans elaborated on the durability of CIPC’s effectiveness: “The duration of the application really depends on factors like potato variety, maturity at harvest, and storage conditions.”
Over time, you might see some buds “peep” or resemble a cauliflower head, which is perfectly normal. However, if potatoes are stored longer than intended, be ready to re-treat as sprouts might start to elongate once the CIPC concentration diminishes.
Exploring Alternative Solutions
Naphthalene: A Natural Ally
Evans introduced Naphthalene as a complementary solution to CIPC. He explained, “Naphthalene mimics the natural dormancy hormone in potatoes, helping maintain firmness and appearance.”
With its application rates set at 1.5 pounds per 600 cwt for 2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene and 1 pound per 500 cwt for 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene, applying this product soon after closing storage doors can extend dormancy effectively.
SmartBlock: Cutting-Edge Sprout Control
What Is SmartBlock?
SmartBlock, which is 3-decen-2-one, is a relatively new player in the field of sprout inhibitors. Evans noted its unique ability: “SmartBlock actually burns the rapidly growing sprout tissue, which prevents regrowth for an extended period.”
This innovative solution is particularly effective when applied as dormancy ends, and it can tackle small to medium sprouts within just a few days.
1,4Zap: Aggressive Sprout Management
The Power of 1,4Zap
1,4Zap (1-Octanol) offers another effective option for sprout control. According to Evans, it can “aggressively target sprouts that have extended to 3-4 inches in length.”
This makes it an excellent choice for those late-season applications when sprout control becomes critical.
Clove Oil: A Natural Alternative
For organic growers, Evans discussed the benefits of using 100% Clove Oil, stating, “It’s a fantastic option for organic potato growers looking for sprout control.”
Though its action is temporary, applying Clove Oil can effectively eliminate sprouting when dormancy ends.
Ethylene: The Natural Hormone
Harnessing Ethylene
Evans also discussed the role of ethylene, a natural plant growth regulator. “Ethylene was identified as a sprout suppressant in the 1930s, but was not used commercially until 2001,” he said.
Maintaining proper ppm levels is key to preventing cell elongation, ensuring that your potatoes stay fresh and sprout-free.
Key Factors for Successful Sprout Control
While discussing these solutions, Evans highlighted several crucial factors that can impact the success of sprout inhibitors:
- Variety Characteristics: “Understanding the dormancy duration of your potato varieties is an important factor in successful sprout control,” Evans explained. Some varieties may require different timing of application or rates of sprout control products.
- Temperature Management: Consistent storage temperatures are critical. “The warmer the storage, the more sprout control product you’ll need,” Evans warned, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a stable environment.
- Moisture Control: Excess moisture can wash off sprout control products, leading to ineffective treatment. “Address wet areas and manage moisture meticulously; it’s crucial for maintaining the efficacy of your sprout inhibitors,” Evans advised.
Conclusion: Striving for Success
In conclusion, effective potato sprout control is essential for preserving the quality of stored potatoes. As Eric Evans aptly summarized, “The proper application of sprout inhibitor products is essential in maintaining product quality throughout the storage season.”
By understanding the various options available—from CIPC to innovative solutions like SmartBlock and 1,4Zap—and managing external factors effectively, potato growers and storage managers can ensure the success of their operations.
For more detailed information and to explore Agri-Stor’s range of solutions for potato storage, visit www.agri-stor.com. The insights shared by Evans during this webinar are a valuable resource for anyone in the potato industry looking to enhance their storage practices and maximize quality.
Contact:
Eric Evans can be reached at eric@agri-stor.com for further information.
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The Critical Role of Sanitation and Early Storage Management
Nathan Gelles, an esteemed potato advisor with Decco Post-Harvest, presented during the inaugural NAPSO hosted webinar on August 19, 2024, titled “Preparing for a Successful Storage Season.” He began the session by underscoring the critical importance of early storage management and the integral role of sanitation in preserving tuber quality.
“Once the potato is removed from the vine, it is essentially a ticking time bomb,” Gelles asserted, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to combat decay and maintain potato quality throughout the storage season.
Preserving tuber quality
Gelles highlighted that the primary objectives of potato storage revolve around preserving tuber quality for as long as possible, ensuring that the end user receives a product of the highest possible standard. This, he noted, involves managing several factors simultaneously, including weight loss, sprout development, and the maintenance of end-use qualities such as color, sugar levels, and starch content.
One of the key points Gelles focused on was the importance of disease control in storage. He explained, “Anything we can do to minimize this decay process is going to help us store this product a lot longer and make a lot more money at the tail end of things.”
Target Pathogens for Storage Sanitation
Gelles pinpointed the following pathogens as of particular importance to be targeted when it comes to maintaining good storage sanitation:
Bacterial Ring Rot (BRR)
- Survival- 3 years on hard surfaces
- Survival- 7 years on wood surfaces
Silver Scurf
- Survival- 9 months on foam
insulation and soil - Survival- 3 months on wood and
metal
Soft Rot, Dry Rot, Pink Rot, Blight
- Not typically a major issue for storage building sanitation
Tools to manage storage quality
Gelles introduced various tools available for managing storage quality, such as sanitizers, disinfectants, fungicides, and sprout inhibitors, while emphasizing that proper storage management—specifically the control of temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels, along with adequate airflow—is paramount.
Gelles took the opportunity to draw a powerful analogy, likening the storage of potatoes to securing a million-dollar investment: “Why wouldn’t we treat our potatoes the same as a million-dollar cash prize that we have to keep safe for ten months?”
He emphasized that just as one would choose a clean, secure vault to store money, the same principle should apply to potato storage, where a clean and well-maintained environment is crucial to minimizing losses.
Four-step process to eliminate pathogens
Gelles delved into the specifics of storage sanitation, outlining a meticulous four-step process designed to eliminate pathogens and extend storage life. The steps included:
- Removing Gross Material: This involves clearing out all large foreign objects, dirt, and organic matter from the storage facility to prevent bacteria from finding a place to thrive.
- High-Pressure Washing with Soap and Detergent: This step is crucial for breaking down biofilms, particularly those formed by bacterial ring rot, which can survive on surfaces for several years. Gelles emphasized the importance of thoroughly cleaning all surfaces, including walls, ceilings, air ducts, and fan houses.
- High-Pressure Rinse and Steam Cleaning: Following the wash, a high-pressure rinse helps remove any remaining residues, with steam cleaning further enhancing the breakdown of biofilms and killing pathogens.
- Disinfection: The final step involves applying sanitizers to all surfaces, ensuring they remain wet for a minimum of 10 minutes to effectively kill pathogens. Gelles noted that the choice of sanitizer should be tailored to the specific pathogens and materials involved, and he stressed the importance of using clean water to avoid neutralizing the sanitizing agents.
Gelles also discussed the importance of proper storage maintenance, cautioning against neglecting the repair of cracks and crevices where pathogens could thrive. He advised the use of high-pressure application and fogging sanitizers, particularly in challenging environments, to ensure comprehensive pathogen control.
A pdf file of Nathan Gelles’ presentation can be accessed here.
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Mastering the art of potato storage: Todd Forbush’s comprehensive guide on The Four Pillars of Successful Potato Storage
The North America Potato Storage Organization (NAPSO) recently hosted an informative and impactful webinar, drawing the attention of professionals across the potato industry. The webinar was titled “Preparing for a Successful Storage Season”.
A highlight of the event was a detailed presentation by Todd Forbush, a seasoned potato storage specialist with Techmark, Inc.
His presentation, titled “Crossroads to Harvest,” offered an in-depth exploration of best practices for potato storage, with a focus on understanding the chemical maturity of potatoes as they transition from field to storage.
Forbush’s expertise illuminated several critical aspects of potato storage, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach that integrates soil management, variety selection, cultural practices, and weather monitoring. His presentation served as a valuable guide for growers and storage managers aiming to optimize storage conditions and ensure the long-term quality of their potato crops.
The Four Pillars of Potato Storage: Soil, Variety, Cultural Practices, and Weather
At the core of Forbush’s presentation were four key factors that significantly influence potato sugar content and specific gravity: soil, variety, cultural practices, and weather. Each of these elements plays a pivotal role in determining the storage potential of potatoes, and understanding their interactions is essential for successful storage management.
1. Soil and Variety:
Forbush identified soil and variety as the most critical agronomic choices made by growers. The type of soil in which potatoes are planted, along with the specific variety chosen, greatly impacts the crop’s ability to develop the desired sugar content and specific gravity. These attributes are crucial for determining how well potatoes will store and their eventual processing quality.
2. Cultural Practices:
The management of cultural practices, including the use of fertilizers and chemicals, is another vital component. Forbush highlighted the importance of nitrogen management, noting that excessive or improperly timed nitrogen application can delay crop maturity, potentially leading to storage issues. Growers must carefully balance their use of fertilizers to ensure that the crop reaches optimal maturity before harvest.
3. Weather:
Mother Nature, Forbush explained, holds the wild cards when it comes to potato storage. The weather conditions during the growing season, particularly cumulative growing degree days (CGDD), play a significant role in determining the crop’s maturity. Forbush provided detailed guidance on how to monitor CGDD and assess the impact of stressful weather events, such as high nighttime temperatures or prolonged heatwaves, on potato development.
Pre-Harvest Sugar Analysis: A Crucial Step Toward Storage Success
Forbush’s presentation placed significant emphasis on the importance of pre-harvest sugar analysis in determining the maturity and storage potential of potatoes. This analysis, he argued, is a critical step that allows growers to make informed decisions about nitrogen management, vine kill timing, and storage conditions.
Understanding Tuber Sucrose and Glucose Levels:
Forbush explained that tuber sucrose and glucose levels, combined with canopy vigor assessments, provide valuable insights into the crop’s maturity. These metrics help growers determine whether the crop is ready for storage and what adjustments may be needed to optimize storage conditions. In particular, Forbush noted that understanding the relationship between canopy senescence and tuber development is essential for predicting storage outcomes.
Timing of Pre-Harvest Sampling:
Forbush recommended conducting pre-harvest sampling at least twice before vine kill or harvest—once three weeks prior and again within one week of vine kill or harvest. This practice allows for the collection of critical data on tuber sugars and specific gravity, enabling growers to fine-tune their nitrogen applications and other cultural practices to enhance storage potential.
Managing the Threat of Fall Frost: Strategies for Protecting Crop Quality
As the growing season transitions to fall, the risk of frost becomes a pressing concern for potato growers. Forbush outlined strategies for managing this risk, emphasizing the need to assess crop maturity before the onset of cold weather.
Cold Temperature Sweetening and Frost:
One of the key challenges identified by Forbush is cold temperature sweetening, a condition that occurs when potatoes experience frost or near-freezing temperatures in the field. This can cause a rapid increase in sugar levels, making the potatoes unsuitable for storage or processing. To mitigate this risk, Forbush recommended storing immature potatoes at temperatures above 52°F (11°C) to allow excess sugars to break down, while mature potatoes can be cooled to 50°F (10°C) or lower, which can improve their quality over time.
Importance of Pre-Frost Evaluation:
Forbush stressed that evaluating crop maturity before frost sets in is essential for making informed storage decisions. Immature potatoes that are exposed to frost require careful management to avoid post-harvest losses, while mature potatoes can be stored at lower temperatures with confidence that their quality will improve in storage.
Optimizing Storage Management: Cooling and Holding Strategies
Forbush’s presentation also provided a comprehensive guide to storage management, particularly cooling and holding strategies that are crucial for maintaining potato quality throughout the storage season.
Cooling Strategies:
Forbush emphasized that the cooling process should be tailored to the specific needs of the crop, taking into account factors such as the intended market (e.g., chip, fry, or table potatoes), the crop’s condition, and the variety being stored.
He recommended a cooling rates that range from 0.2°F to 1.0°F per day for potatoes based on the condition of the potatoes, the intended market, the presence of refrigeration in the storage and the availability of outside air for ambient cooled storage. The final holding temperature of the storage is dependent upon the market requirements and the crop’s sugar concentration.
Avoiding Over-Cooling:
Forbush cautioned against cooling healthy potatoes too quickly or to temperatures that are too low, as this can lead to excessive pressure bruise as well as rising sucrose and glucose levels, ultimately degrading the quality of the stored potatoes. He recommended monitoring sugar levels regularly throughout the storage season to ensure that the crop is maintained at the appropriate holding temperature.
Holding Temperature Considerations:
Proper holding temperature is critical for maintaining potato quality. Forbush advised that if sucrose and glucose levels are stable or falling, and the quality of the potatoes is improving after cooling, the holding temperature is likely appropriate. However, if sugars are rising and quality is deteriorating, the temperature may be too low, necessitating adjustments to avoid economic losses.
The Role of Disease Management in Storage Success
Another important aspect of Forbush’s presentation was the role of disease management in ensuring storage success. He emphasized the need to assess disease pressure in the field before harvest and to take preventive measures to minimize the risk of bringing disease into storage.
Assessing Disease Pressure:
Forbush discussed the importance of monitoring for signs of disease in the field, such as early die, blight, or other crop health issues. He noted that disease pressure can significantly impact the quality of potatoes in storage, making it crucial to identify and manage these risks before the crop is harvested.
Preventive Measures in Storage:
To minimize the risk of disease in storage, Forbush recommended taking a cautious approach when dealing with crops that have been exposed to disease pressure. This includes implementing rigorous storage management practices, such as storage ventilation and humidification control along with regular sugar sampling and careful monitoring of storage conditions, to prevent the spread of disease and preserve crop quality.
Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing: A Path to Continuous Improvement
In his closing remarks, Forbush underscored the importance of collaboration and knowledge sharing within the potato industry. He referenced a memorable quote from the late Dr. Burt Cargill: “The potato will never let us know all the secrets.” Forbush echoed this sentiment, highlighting the need for industry professionals to share their insights and experiences to continuously improve storage practices and achieve better outcomes.
The Importance of Industry Collaboration:
Forbush emphasized that the collective knowledge and experience of the potato industry are essential for unlocking the full potential of potatoes in storage. By participating in forums like the NAPSO webinar and engaging in open discussions, industry professionals can refine best practices and apply them to their operations, ultimately benefiting the entire industry.
Conclusion: Implementing Best Practices for Potato Storage
Todd Forbush’s presentation at the NAPSO webinar provided a wealth of practical information and actionable insights for potato growers and storage managers. His emphasis on pre-harvest sugar analysis, careful weather monitoring, and strategic storage management offers a comprehensive approach to maintaining potato quality from field to storage.
As the industry continues to face challenges such as unpredictable weather patterns, disease pressure, and market demands, the insights shared by Forbush will undoubtedly contribute to improved storage outcomes and greater industry-wide success. By adopting these best practices and continuing to share knowledge, the potato industry can unlock new levels of efficiency, quality, and profitability.
For those interested in further exploring the topics discussed in Forbush’s presentation, NAPSO encourages industry professionals to engage with Techmark, Inc., and participate in future NAPSO webinars and events aimed at advancing potato storage practices.
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